100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.

Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Babies manipulate their moms for maximum smiles. The findings have implications for theorizing on the social functionality of virtual emotional expressions.' Related content: Flashback Friday: What’s the real difference between what men and women post on Facebook? Flashback Friday: Surprise surprise, sarcasm is hard to communicate via email. These results indicate that a smiley is not a smile. The adverse effects of smiley use are moderated by the formality of the social context and mediated by perceptions of message appropriateness. Perceptions of low competence in turn undermined information sharing. Our findings provide first-time evidence that, contrary to actual smiles, smileys do not increase perceptions of warmth and actually decrease perceptions of competence.

But is a smiley a suitable replacement for a smile? We conducted three experiments to examine the impact of smiley use on virtual first impressions in work-related contexts. In computer-mediated communication, which is primarily text-based, the “smiley” (☺) constitutes the digital representation of a smile. In face-to-face contact, smiling individuals are perceived as warmer and as more competent than nonsmiling individuals. The Dark Side of a Smiley: Effects of Smiling Emoticons on Virtual First Impressions 'First impressions are heavily influenced by emotional expressions such as smiles. People often use smiley face emoticons in their emails as a way to convey humor and lightheartedness, but these researchers found that it doesn't quite work the way we'd like: 'Contrary to actual smiles, smileys do not increase perceptions of warmth and actually decrease perceptions of competence.' Perhaps because emoticons in general are seen as childish or unprofessional? Clearly the answer is more gifs! ) Well, according to this study, it turns out that warmth is as well.

We already know that sarcasm is hard to communicate via email.

Smiley faces for email